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Mirip dengan bahasa Indonesia, terdapat berbagai macam teks dalam bahasa Inggris. Salah satunya adalah teks laporan atau report text. Apa itu?
Report text adalah teks yang menggambarkan sesuatu secara umum dan hasil dari observasi dan analisis yang sistematis. Tujuan report text adalah mengklasifikasikan dan menggambarkan secara umum suatu fenomena.
Untuk menuliskan report text, terdapat struktur yang perlu siswa pahami. Melansir dari Modul Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Madrasah Tsanawiyah Report Text oleh Tim Pengembang Modul Pembelajaran PKB Guru Madrasah Tsanawiyah, berikut struktur dari report text.
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Struktur Report Text
1. Judul
Judul report text akan menunjukkan topik teks. Umumnya, report text menjelaskan tentang benda.
2. Klasifikasi umum
Klasifikasi umum adalah bagian yang menyatakan klasifikasi dari aspek umum, seperti: hewan, tempat umum, tanaman, dan lainnya.
3. Keterangan
Bagian keterangan memberikan gambaran tentang hal-hal yang akan dibahas secara rinci. Keterangan bisa mencakup fungsinya, sifat-sifat, kebiasaan, dan tingkah laku.
Unsur Kebahasaan Report Text
Unsur kebahasaan yang digunakan dalam report text akan berbeda dengan teks lain. Unsur kebahasaan report text ialah:
1. Fokus pada pembaca umum
2. Sebuah report text selalu memperkenalkan kelompok atau aspek umum dan fokus pada kata benda umum, seperti: 'Platipus', 'Lebah', dan lain sebagainya.
3. Teks laporan menggunakan kata kerja yang berhubungan dan kata kerja tindakan
4. Sebuah report text menggunakan simple present tense
5. Bahasa yang digunakan dalam report text adalah bahasa ilmiah.
6. Report text menggunakan conditional sentence
7. Beberapa report text menggunakan passive voice
Contoh Report Text
Agar lebih paham, berikut contoh-contoh report text yang bisa kamu baca.
1. Contoh Report Text Berjudul: Birds
Birds are flying animals. They are vertebrate animals that are warm blooded. They belong to the class Aves and they can be seen everywhere.
Birds breathe with their special breathing organ called air pocket. Beside as respiration organ, air pocket also can add or reduce their weight when flying or swimming. There are many kinds of birds in this world. They have different morphology according to their food and their habitat. Some of them eat seeds, pollen, fish, or meat. Female birds have specific duties. They lay eggs and feed their baby in their nests.
2. Contoh Report Text Berjudul: Flood
A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land, a deluge. It is usually due to the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, exceeding the total capacity of the body, and as a result some of the water flows or sits outside of the normal perimeter of the body. It can also occur in rivers, when the strength of the river is so high it flows right out of the river channel, usually at corners or meanders. These of course, are not applicable in such instances as sea flooding.
A flood occurs when an area of land, usually low-lying, is covered with water. The worst floods usually occur when a river overflows its banks. Floods happen when soil and vegetation cannot absorb all the water. The water then runs off the land in quantities that cannot be carried in stream channels or kept in natural ponds or manmade reservoirs. Periodic floods occur naturally on many rivers, forming an area known as the flood plain.
These river floods usually result from heavy rain, sometimes combined with melting snow, which causes the rivers to overflow their banks. A flood that rises and falls rapidly with little or no advance warning is called a flash flood. Flash floods usually result from intense rainfall over a relatively small area, as happened in 2007 with the Sudan floods. Coastal areas are occasionally flooded by high tides caused by severe winds on ocean surfaces, or by tsunami waves caused by undersea earthquakes.
3. Contoh Report Text Berjudul: Blue Whale
The blue whale is not only the biggest whale living today. The blue whale is the biggest creature ever to have lived on Earth. They are mind-bogglingly gigantic, much larger than any of the dinosaurs. Blue whales commonly reach the colossal length of 29m, that's roughly as long as three London red double-decker buses parked end to end. Blue whales in the Southern Hemisphere are generally larger than those in the Northern Hemisphere and female blues are larger than males.
The longest blue whale on record is a female measured at a South Georgia whaling station in the South Atlantic (1909); she was 33.58m. The heaviest blue whale was also a female hunted in the Southern Ocean, Antarctica, on 20 March 1947. She tipped the scales at 190 tonnes which is equivalent to about 30 elephants or 2500 people. Blue whales are now extremely rare due to uncontrolled commercial whaling. Some populations could be endangered to the point of extinction.
4. Contoh Report Text Berjudul: Elephants
Elephants are the largest land animals on Earth, and they're one of the most unique-looking animals, too. With their characteristic long noses, or trunks, large, floppy ears, and wide, thick legs, there is no other animal with a similar physique. Most experts recognize two species of elephant: the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and the African elephant (Loxodonta africana), who live on separate continents and have many unique features.
There are several subspecies that belong to one or the other of these two main species, though experts argue over how many subspecies there are and whether or not they constitute separate species. African elephants live in sub-Saharan Africa, the rainforests of Central and West Africa and the Sahel desert in Mali, according to National Geographic. Asian elephants live in Nepal, India and Southeast Asia in scrub forests and rainforests.
5. Contoh Report Text Berjudul: Moon
The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth. The Moon is the second brightest object in the Earth's sky after the Sun. The natural satellites of the other planets in the solar system are also sometimes referred to as moons. The Earth's Moon is now known to be a slightly egg-shaped ball composed mostly of rock and metal. It has no liquid water, virtually no atmosphere and is lifeless. The Moon shines by reflecting the tightness of the Sun.
Although the Moon appears brightly to eyes, it reflects on average only 12 percent of the light that falls on it. This reflectivity of 0.12 is similar to that of coal dust. This reflectivity is called albedo. The temperatures on most of the Moon's surface are too extreme for water or ice to exist, ranging from a maximum of 7270C (2610 F) at lunar noon to a minimum of -1730C (-2790F) just before lunar dawn. Temperatures in permanently shadowed areas near the lunar poles, however, may consistently be as low as -2200C (-3640F). Comets and micrometeoroids that strike the Moon release gases that contain water. The gases would form an extremely thin atmosphere that would then migrate to the coldest regions of the poles and condense, forming ice that combines with the lunar soil.
Itulah pengertian, struktur, dan contoh report text. Semoga menambah pemahaman detikers, ya!
(nir/faz)
