Cara Menulis Daftar Pustaka Harvard dan APA Style

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Cara Menulis Daftar Pustaka Harvard dan APA Style

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Kamis, 19 Agu 2021 19:11 WIB
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Cara menulis daftar pustaka Harvard dan APA Style (Foto: iStock)
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Salah satu kaidah dalam penulisan karya ilmiah adalah menulis daftar pustaka di bagian akhir karya. Bagaimana caranya?

Daftar pustaka berisi daftar sumber bacaan yang dijadikan rujukan penulis dalam membuat karya tulis. Setidaknya, daftar pustaka mencakup tentang nama penulis, judul tulisan, tahun terbit, hingga penerbit.

Ada banyak gaya penulisan daftar pustaka, di antaranya Turabian Style, Harvard Style, Vancouver Style, American Psychological Association (APA) Style, Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), hingga gabungan dari beberapa style.

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Dari banyaknya gaya penulisan daftar pustaka tersebut, gaya yang paling banyak digunakan di institusi pendidikan adalah Harvard Style dan APA Style. Berikut cara menulis daftar pustaka dengan format Harvard Style dan APA Style.

Penulisan Daftar Pustaka Harvard Style

Gaya Harvard umumnya digunakan dalam bidang pendidikan. Referensi gaya Harvard dalam teks harus mencantumkan nama keluarga penulis dan tahun penerbitan karya tersebut. Jika detikers mengutip atau memparafrase, detikers juga harus memberikan nomor halaman.

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Dilansir dari laman Perpustakaan Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), berikut cara penulisan daftar pustaka Harvard Style.

1. Dari Artikel Jurnal

Artikel Jurnal Cetak

Habel, C 2009, 'Academic self-efficacy in ALL: capacity-building through self-belief', Journal of Academic Language and Learning, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 94-104.

Artikel jurnal dari web, tersedia gratis dari situs web e-journal

Ticker, CS 2017, 'Music and the mind: music's healing powers', Musical Offerings, vol. 8, no. 1, article 1, viewed 21 May 2017,

Artikel jurnal dengan DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

Jeeyoo, L, Ji-Eun, L, Yuri, K, Lee, J, Lee, J-E & Kim, Y 2017, 'Relationship between coffee consumption and stroke risk in Korean population: the Health Examinees (HEXA) study', Nutrition Journal, vol. 16, pp. 1-8, DOI:10.1186/s12937-017

Artikel jurnal di pers/publikasi online lanjutan

Muldoon, K, Towse, J, Simms, V, Perra, O, & Menzies, V 2012 'A longitudinal analysis of estimation, counting skills, and mathematical ability across the first school year', Developmental Psychology, advance online publication, DOI:10.1037/a0028240.


Berikutnya cara menulis daftar pustaka jika artikel jurnal yang dikutip ada 2 penulis

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Artikel jurnal 2 penulis

Darwin, A & Palmer, E 2009, 'Mentoring circles in higher education', Higher Education Research and Development, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 125-136.

Artikel jurnal 3 penulis

Maier, H, Baron, J & McLaughlan, R 2007, 'Using online roleplay simulations for teaching sustainability principles to engineering students', International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1162-1171.

Artikel jurnal 4 penulis atau lebih

Grosso, G, Stepaniak, U, Micek, A, Stefler, D, Bobak, M & Pajak, A 2017, 'Coffee consumption and mortality in three Eastern European countries: results from the HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe) study', Public Health Nutrition, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 82-91.

2. Dari Buku, e-book, atau Bab Buku

Buku cetak

Connell, R 2009, Gender, Polity Press, Cambridge.

E-Book diakses melalui database Perpustakaan Universitas

Sama dengan buku cetak. Jika tersedia DOI, maka dapat mencantumkannya di akhir referensi.

E-Book dari web (tersedia online gratis)

Sama seperti untuk buku cetak, tetapi sertakan tanggal dilihat dan URL.

Buku dengan 2 atau 3 penulis

Daftar semua penulis dalam urutan mereka muncul di halaman judul buku. Gunakan ampersand (&) untuk memisahkan dua penulis terakhir.

Campbell, E, Fox, R & de Zwart, M 2010, Students' guide to legal writing, law exams and self assessment, 3rd edn, Federation Press, Sydney.

Buku dengan 4 penulis atau lebih

Dalam kutipan dalam teks, daftar hanya penulis pertama, lalu et al. Dalam daftar pustaka, daftar semua penulis sesuai urutan kemunculannya pada halaman judul buku. Gunakan ampersand (&) untuk memisahkan dua penulis terakhir.

Henkin, RE, Bova, D, Dillehay, GL, Halama, JR, Karesh, SM, Wagner, RH & Zimmer, MZ 2006, Nuclear medicine, 2nd edn, Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia.

Bab buku dalam buku yang dikompilasi (setiap bab ditulis oleh penulis yang berbeda)

Contoh ini untuk buku dengan banyak penulis dan editor. Untuk kutipan dalam teks, cantumkan penulis dan tanggalnya. Untuk daftar pustaka, berikan informasi penulis/bab, kemudian editor (inisial, lalu nama keluarga), judul, informasi publikasi. Anda juga harus memberikan nomor halaman bab.

Warner, R 2010, 'Giving feedback on assignment writing to international students - the integration of voice and writing tools', in WM Chan, KN Chin, M Nagami & T Suthiwan (eds), Media in foreign language teaching and learning, De Gruyter, Boston, pp. 355-382.

Buku dengan nomor edisi

Untuk buku dengan nomor edisi, tambahkan nomor dan singkatan 'edn' setelah judul buku. Tidak perlu menyertakan informasi edisi jika sebuah buku adalah edisi pertama, atau jika tidak ada edisi yang disebutkan.

Carroll, AB 2012, Business & society: ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management, 8th edn, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, Oklahoma.

Buku tanpa penulis

Gunakan judul sebagai pengganti nama penulis.

Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Milton, Qld.

Buku dengan nomor volume

Cowie, AP,Mackin, R &McCaig, IR 1983, Oxford dictionary of current idiomatic English,vol. 2, Phrase, clause and sentence idioms, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Buku yang ditulis dengan bahasa asing

Lemmens, M 1996, 'La grammaire dans les dictionnaires bilingues', in H BΓ©joint & P Thoiron (eds), Les dictionnaires bilingues (Bilingual dictionaries), Duculot s.a., Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, pp. 71-102.

Buku terjemahan dari bahasa asing

Jansson, T 1948, Finn family Moomintroll, trans. E Portch, Puffin Books, London.

3. Dari Publikasi Konferensi

Makalah konferensi diterbitkan dalam buku prosiding

Goldfinch, M 2005, 'A pilot discussion board for questions about referencing: what do students say and do?' in G Grigg & C Bond (eds), Supporting learning in the 21st century, proceedings of the 2005 Annual International Conference of the Association of Tertiary Learning Advisors Aotearoa/New Zealand (ATLAANZ), Dunedin, New Zealand, pp. 179-191.

Makalah konferensi - prosiding online yang diedit

Crisp, G, Hillier, M & Joarder, S 2010, 'Assessing students in Second Life - some options', in CH Steel, MJ Keppell, P Gerbic, & S Housego (eds), Curriculum, technology & transformation for an unknown future. Proceedings of the 27th Annual ASCILITE Conference: Curriculum, technology and transformation for an unknown future, Sydney, pp. 256-261, viewed 15 July 2011, .

Presentasi konferensi - tidak dipublikasikan

Butler, D 2009, 'Using video worked examples to enhance learning in a first year mathematics course', paper presented at the 4th ERGA conference, University of Adelaide, 24-25 September.

Penulisan Daftar Pustaka APA Style

Dilansir dari situs APA Style, APA Style adalah sistem penulisan referensi atau daftar pustaka yang diterbitkan oleh American Psychological Association. Format jenis ini biasanya digunakan dalam penulisan ilmu-ilmu sosial, seperti psikologi, antropologi, sosiologi, serta pendidikan dan bidang lainnya.

APA Style telah mengalami beberapa kali pembaruan. Edisi terbaru yang diterbitkan adalah edisi ke tujuh. Berikut cara menulis daftar pustaka dengan format APA Style. Dilansir dari laman Perpustakaan UGM berikut cara menulis daftar pustaka APA Style:

1. Dari Bab Buku

Bab atau artikel dalam buku yang diedit

Yura, P. (2020). 'Good or bad': How people think of me is not important. In B. Rudy & H. Dion (Eds.), Mental health policy (pp. 368-389). University of Life Press.

Artikel dalam ensiklopedia

Ford-Martin, P. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral therapy. In E. Thackery & M. Harris (Eds.), Gale encyclopedia of mental disorders (Vol.1, pp. 226-228). Gale.

2. Dari Buku

Buku: Termasuk Nomor Halaman

Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in psychology. Guilford Press.

Buku: Penulis Tunggal

Matthews, J. (1999). The art of childhood and adolescence: The construction of meaning. Falmer Press.

Buku: Dua Penulis

Colclough, B., & Colclough, J. (1999). A challenge to change. Thorsons.

Buku: 3-20 Penulis

Dwee, D., Dion, H. B., & Brown, I. S. (2012). Information behaviour concept: A basic introduction. University of Life Press.

Buku: Lebih dari 20 Penulis

Cantumkan sembilan belas nama penulis pertama, kemudian sisipkan tiga elips dan ikuti dengan nama penulis terakhir.

Buku: Karya Berbeda oleh Penulis yang Sama di Tahun yang Sama

Kubler-Ross, E. (1993a). AIDS: The ultimate challenge. Collier Books.
Kubler-Ross, E. (1993b). Questions and answers on death and dying. Collier Books.

Buku: Organisasi sebagai Penulis

American Educational Research Association. (1985). Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Psychological Association.

3. Dari Tugas

Tugas dari Unit Lain

Amin, A. D. (2016). The science of life [Unpublished manuscript], SPSKB223: Research Method for Social Science, University of Life.

4. Dari Materi Audio Visual

DVD

Moore, M. (Writer/Director). (2003). Bowling for Columbine [DVD]. AV Channel.

Program Radio

Browning, D. (Presenter). (2006, June 9). Black soccer heroes. Message Stick [Radio programme]. Guest speaker Dr. John Maynard. ABC Radio.

Rekaman Suara

Javanese Voice (Performers), & Amin, Z. (Director). (1999). Music for simple life [Album]. Javanese Studies, University of Life.

Episode Serial Televisi

Masters, C. (Presenter). (2006, March 27). Big fish, little fish. Four Corners [Television series episode]. ABC Television.

Rekaman Video

Russell, G. (Writer, Producer and Narrator), & Wiseman, P. (Producer). (1995). Tackling bullies: An Australian perspective [Video recording]. Video Classroom.

YouTube/Vimeo Video

NRK. (2007, February 26). Medieval helpdesk with English subtitles. [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQHX-SjgQvQ

5. Dari Makalah Konferensi

Presentasi Makalah dari Internet

Balakrishnan, R. (2006, March 25-26). Why aren't we using 3d user interfaces, and will we ever? [Paper presentation]. IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, Alexandria, VA. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2006.148.

Presentasi Makalah yang Tidak Diterbitkan

Brown, S., & Caste, V. (2004, May). Integrated obstacle detection framework [Paper presentation]. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Detroit, MI..

Presentasi Makalah dalam Prosiding Cetak

Rowling, L. (1993, September). Schools and grief: How does Australia compare to the United States [Paper presentation]. In Wandarna coowar: Hidden grief. 8th National Conference of the National Association for Loss and Grief (Australia), Yeppoon, Queensland (pp. 196-201). National Association for Loss and Grief.

6. Dari Kumpulan Data

Himpunan Data

Ryff, C., Almeida, D., Ayanian, J., Binkley, N., Carr, D. S., Coe, C., Davidson, R., Grzywacz, J., Karlamangla, A., Krueger, R., Lachman, M., Love, G., Mailick, M., Mroczek, D., Radler, B., Seeman, T., Sloan, R., Thomas, D., Weinstein, M., Williams, D. (2019). Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 3), 2013-2014 (ICPSR 36346) [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36346.v7

Repositori Kumpulan Data

University of Life, Centre of Animals. (2011). Concept of animal behaviour. https://www.concept/NYTRW

Catatan Setoran Dataset

Theure, A., & Gentaz, E. (2018). Data from: The regulation of emotions in adolescents: age differences and emotion-specific patterns [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n230404. Referenced in https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195501

Dataset Description Article

Lemaignan, S., Edmunds, C.E.R., Senft, E., & Belpaeme, T. (2018). The PInSoRo dataset: Supporting the data-driven study of child-child and child-robot social dynamics. PLoS ONE, 13(10), Article e0205999+. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205999

7. Dari e-book

e-book

Eckes, T. (2000). The developmental social psychology of gender. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://lib.ugm.ac.id/443/record=b1600608

Bab dari e-book

Jones, N. A., & Gagnon, C. M. (2007). The neurophysiology of empathy. In T. F. D. Farrow & P. W. R. Woodruff (Eds.), Empathy in mental illness. Cambridge University Press. https://lib.ugm.ac.id:443/record=b2130403

Artikel dari Ensiklopedia Elektronik

Lai, M. C. C. (1999). Hepatitis delta virus. In A. Granoff & R. Webster (Eds.), Encyclopedia of virology (2nd ed.). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374410-4.00417-9

Artikel dari Karya Referensi Elektronik: Tidak ada penulis

Alka-Seltzer. (2019). InMIMS online.MIMS Australia. http://www.mimsonline.com.au

8. Dari Artikel Jurnal

Artikel Jurnal dengan DOI

Vogels, A. G. C., Crone, M. R., Hoekstra, F., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2009). Comparing three short questionnaires to detect psychosocial dysfunction among primary school children: a randomized method. BMC Public Health, 9, 489. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-489

Artikel Jurnal dengan DOI: Lebih Dari 20 Penulis dan Termasuk Nomor Halaman

Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., JuÑrez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., IbÑñez, L. M., MÀkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . KovÑcs, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. Journal of Improbable Mathematics, 27(1), 1935-1968. https://doi.org/10.0000/3mp7y-537

Artikel Jurnal dengan URL

Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1): 24-58. https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31

Artikel Jurnal dengan Nomor Artikel

March, E., & Springer, J. (2019). Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy. PLoS One, 14(12): Article e0225964. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225964

Artikel Jurnal dari URL dan Termasuk Nomor Paragraf

Munro, C. (1999). Facing grief. Synergy, 3(3). http://about.ugm.ac.id/synergy/0303/grie

Artikel Jurnal di Cetak

Kyratsis, A. (2014). Talk and interaction among children and the co-construction of peer groups and peer culture. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33(4), 231-247.

Artikel Jurnal dalam Cetakan Termasuk Nomor Halaman

Parker, G., & Roy, K. (2011). Adolescent depression: A review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 572-580.

Artikel Jurnal di Cetak dengan 3-20 Penulis

Zhang, B., Cohen, J., Ferrence, R., & Rehm, J. (2016). The impact of tobacco tax cuts on smoking initiation among Canadian young adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(6), 474-479.

9. Dari Dokumen Internet

Dokumen Elektronik

Murray, G. (2005). A duty of care to children and young people in Western Australia: Report on the quality assurance and review of unsubstantiated allegations of abuse in care: 1 April 2004 to 12 September 2005. Western Australia, Department of Child Protection. http://www.community.wa.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/851183A4-A822-4592-AB66-C410E453AEEC/0/DCDRPTGwennMurrayreportwithcover2006.pdf

Publikasi Pemerintah

Australia. Department of Health and Aged Care. (2000). National youth suicide prevention strategy. http://www.health.gov.au/hsdd/mentalhe/sp/nysps/about.htm

Publikasi Pemerintah: Dokumen Kurikulum

Western Australia. School Curriculum & Standards Authority. (2017). Curriculum and assessment outline: Humanities and Social Science. http://k10outline.scsa.wa.edu.au/home/p-10-curriculum/curriculum-browser/humanities-and-social-sciences

Seluruh Situs Internet

Goldberg, I. (2010). Dr. Ivan's depression central. http://www.psycom.net/depression.central.html

10. Dari Gambar

Gambar, Foto, atau Karya Seni dari Buku

Leibovitz, A. (1996). Olympic portraits. Little Brown.

Reproduksi dalam Buku

Bedford, P. (2001). Dingo dreaming [ochre on canvas]. Reproduced in McCulloch, S., & McCulloch Childs, E. (2008). McCulloch's contemporary Aboriginal art: The complete guide (p.154). McCulloch & McCulloch Australian Art Books.

Gambar dari Bab Buku

Ardagna, C. A., Damiani, E., Frati, F., & Madravio, M. (2008). Open-source solution to secure e-government services. In A-V. Anttiroiko & M. Malkia (Eds.), Encyclopedia of digital government (pp. 1300-1305). Idea Group Reference. http://www.igi-global.com/

Gambar dari Artikel Jurnal

Yeh, Q-J., & Xu, X. (2010). The effect of Confucian work ethics on learning about science and technology knowledge and morality. Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0352-1

Gambar dari Koran

Leunig, M. (1995, July 27). Thoughts of a baby lying in a child care centre. The Sydney Morning Herald, p. 24.

Gambar dari Database

Kessel, M. (Director). (1995). The making of a monologue: Robert Wilson's Hamlet [video,1:02:18 mins]. Cinema Guild.

Gambar/Karya Seni Online

Nolan, S. (1946). The encounter [enamel paint on composition board]. National Gallery of Australia. http://cs.nga.gov.au/Detail.cfm?IRN=28938

Peta Online

Google Maps. (2015, February 5). The British Library, London, UK. Google. https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/The+British+Library/@51.529972,-0.127676,17z
/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x48761b3b70171395:0x18905479de0fdb25

Gambar/Karya Seni Asli (Dilihat di Galeri atau Koleksi)

Adam, L. (2004). Sweet and sour [wood veneers, nylon]. Culture Home Art of University of Life.

11. Dari Artikel Berita

Artikel Koran di Cetak

Kissane, K. (1998, September 5). Kiss or kill: Who is the victim when a battered woman kills? The Age: Extra, p. 6.

Artikel Koran dengan URL

Devlin, H. (2010, January 28). Neuron breakthrough offers hope on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/medicine/article7005401.ece

Artikel Koran dari Factiva

Delalande, J. (2019, October 26). Our teens struggle the most. The West Australian, p. 32. Factiva. https://global-factiva-com.libproxy.ugm.ac.id/ha/default.aspx#./!?&_suid=1576141953014019681669927131606

12. Dari Podcast

Podcast

Brown, D. (Speaker). (2018). Scholarship strategies, 2018 University of Life Lecture [Audio podcast]. University of Life. https://listeningme./083729

Podcast dari Program Radio

Gary, S. (Host). (2007, December 23). Black hole death ray. StarStuff [Audio podcast]. ABC News Radio. http://abc.net.au/newsradio/podcast/STARSTUFF.xml

13. Dari Sumber Sekunder

Reid, A. S. (2020). Study of multiple paranormal phenomena. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 45, 17-26.

14. Dari Sosial Media

Postingan Blog

Flower, R. (2015, June 1). How a simple formula for resolving problems and conflict can change your reality. Pick The Brain. http://www.pickthebrain.com/blog/how-a-simple-formula-for-resolving-problems-and-conflict-can-change-your-reality/

Komentar Blog

Stephen. (2017, February 21). Re: Why you should let your passion die [Comment]. PsychCentral. https://psychcentral.com/blog/discuss/102347/

Postingan Facebook

University of Life Office. (2010, December 20). Psychology of learners [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/41764892

Komentar Facebook

Toto, H. (2011, September 1). Re: Psychology of learners [Comment]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/qu4qwyierqw

Tweet

Kruszelnicki, K. [@DoctorKarl]. (2017, February 19). Fact-checker scientist @bengoldacre, evidence-based medicine, dead cat #Shirtloadsofscience: http://apple.co/2kXmeCd: http://bit.ly/2faxmw5 [Tweet]. https://twitter.com/DoctorKarl? ref_src=twsrc^google| twcamp^serp|twgr^author

YouTube/Vimeo/Ted Talk video

Setrakian, L. (2017, January). Lara Setrakian: 3 ways to fix a broken news industry. [Video]. https://www.ted.com/talks/lara_setrakian_3_ways_to_fix_a_ broken_news_industry#t-521404

Komentar YouTube

Kirk, J. (2017, February). Re: Medieval helpdesk with English subtitles. [Comment]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQHX-SjgQvQ

Postingan Instagram

University of Life Library. (2019, May 22). An artwork showing history of animals {Photographs]. https://www.instagram.com/73q64723648913

Komentar Instagram

Black. (2011, May 23). Re: An artwork showing history of animals {Comment]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/3649238y

App

StudentVIP. (2017). Lost on Campus (Version 4.1.3) [Mobile app]. Apple App Store. https://www.apple.com/au/ios/app-store/

Game

Persson, M., &Bergensten, J. (2011).Minecraft [Game]. Mojang Synergies AB. https://minecraft.net/en-us/

14. Dari Tesis

Tesis tidak diterbitkan

Neo, M. C. (2000). The role of education as a process of human release from various problems of life [Unpublished M.Appl.Psy. thesis]. University of Life.

Tesis diterbitkan

May, B. (2017) A survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud. Canopus Publishing.

Tesis dari Database

Sonny, Z. (1999). Computer education for children (Publication No. 01230123) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Life]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Tesis dari Repository

Vells, T. (2015). Language for life [PhD thesis, University of Life]. UOL Library Repository. https://reporepo/9iqw4qwriq

Secara keseluruhan, cara menulis daftar pustaka baik Harvard Style maupun APA Style memiliki format yang hampir sama. Perbedaan mendasarnya terletak pada pemisah seperti tanda koma untuk Harvard dan tanda titik untuk APA.


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