Daftar pustaka berisi daftar sumber bacaan yang dijadikan rujukan penulis dalam membuat karya tulis. Setidaknya, daftar pustaka mencakup tentang nama penulis, judul tulisan, tahun terbit, hingga penerbit.
Ada banyak gaya penulisan daftar pustaka, di antaranya Turabian Style, Harvard Style, Vancouver Style, American Psychological Association (APA) Style, Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), hingga gabungan dari beberapa style.
Dari banyaknya gaya penulisan daftar pustaka tersebut, gaya yang paling banyak digunakan di institusi pendidikan adalah Harvard Style dan APA Style. Berikut cara menulis daftar pustaka dengan format Harvard Style dan APA Style.
Gaya Harvard umumnya digunakan dalam bidang pendidikan. Referensi gaya Harvard dalam teks harus mencantumkan nama keluarga penulis dan tahun penerbitan karya tersebut. Jika detikers mengutip atau memparafrase, detikers juga harus memberikan nomor halaman.
Dilansir dari laman Perpustakaan Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), berikut cara penulisan daftar pustaka Harvard Style.
Habel, C 2009, 'Academic self-efficacy in ALL: capacity-building through self-belief', Journal of Academic Language and Learning, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 94-104.
Jeeyoo, L, Ji-Eun, L, Yuri, K, Lee, J, Lee, J-E & Kim, Y 2017, 'Relationship between coffee consumption and stroke risk in Korean population: the Health Examinees (HEXA) study', Nutrition Journal, vol. 16, pp. 1-8, DOI:10.1186/s12937-017
Muldoon, K, Towse, J, Simms, V, Perra, O, & Menzies, V 2012 'A longitudinal analysis of estimation, counting skills, and mathematical ability across the first school year', Developmental Psychology, advance online publication, DOI:10.1037/a0028240.
Artikel jurnal 2 penulis
Darwin, A & Palmer, E 2009, 'Mentoring circles in higher education', Higher Education Research and Development, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 125-136.
Artikel jurnal 3 penulis
Maier, H, Baron, J & McLaughlan, R 2007, 'Using online roleplay simulations for teaching sustainability principles to engineering students', International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1162-1171.
Artikel jurnal 4 penulis atau lebih
Grosso, G, Stepaniak, U, Micek, A, Stefler, D, Bobak, M & Pajak, A 2017, 'Coffee consumption and mortality in three Eastern European countries: results from the HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe) study', Public Health Nutrition, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 82-91.
2. Dari Buku, e-book, atau Bab Buku
Buku cetak
Connell, R 2009, Gender, Polity Press, Cambridge.
E-Book diakses melalui database Perpustakaan Universitas
Sama dengan buku cetak. Jika tersedia DOI, maka dapat mencantumkannya di akhir referensi.
E-Book dari web (tersedia online gratis)
Sama seperti untuk buku cetak, tetapi sertakan tanggal dilihat dan URL.
Buku dengan 2 atau 3 penulis
Daftar semua penulis dalam urutan mereka muncul di halaman judul buku. Gunakan ampersand (&) untuk memisahkan dua penulis terakhir.
Campbell, E, Fox, R & de Zwart, M 2010, Students' guide to legal writing, law exams and self assessment, 3rd edn, Federation Press, Sydney.
Buku dengan 4 penulis atau lebih
Dalam kutipan dalam teks, daftar hanya penulis pertama, lalu et al. Dalam daftar pustaka, daftar semua penulis sesuai urutan kemunculannya pada halaman judul buku. Gunakan ampersand (&) untuk memisahkan dua penulis terakhir.
Henkin, RE, Bova, D, Dillehay, GL, Halama, JR, Karesh, SM, Wagner, RH & Zimmer, MZ 2006, Nuclear medicine, 2nd edn, Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia.
Bab buku dalam buku yang dikompilasi (setiap bab ditulis oleh penulis yang berbeda)
Contoh ini untuk buku dengan banyak penulis dan editor. Untuk kutipan dalam teks, cantumkan penulis dan tanggalnya. Untuk daftar pustaka, berikan informasi penulis/bab, kemudian editor (inisial, lalu nama keluarga), judul, informasi publikasi. Anda juga harus memberikan nomor halaman bab.
Warner, R 2010, 'Giving feedback on assignment writing to international students - the integration of voice and writing tools', in WM Chan, KN Chin, M Nagami & T Suthiwan (eds), Media in foreign language teaching and learning, De Gruyter, Boston, pp. 355-382.
Buku dengan nomor edisi
Untuk buku dengan nomor edisi, tambahkan nomor dan singkatan 'edn' setelah judul buku. Tidak perlu menyertakan informasi edisi jika sebuah buku adalah edisi pertama, atau jika tidak ada edisi yang disebutkan.
Carroll, AB 2012, Business & society: ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management, 8th edn, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, Oklahoma.
Buku tanpa penulis
Gunakan judul sebagai pengganti nama penulis.
Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Milton, Qld.
Buku dengan nomor volume
Cowie, AP,Mackin, R &McCaig, IR 1983, Oxford dictionary of current idiomatic English,vol. 2, Phrase, clause and sentence idioms, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Buku yang ditulis dengan bahasa asing
Lemmens, M 1996, 'La grammaire dans les dictionnaires bilingues', in H Béjoint & P Thoiron (eds), Les dictionnaires bilingues (Bilingual dictionaries), Duculot s.a., Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, pp. 71-102.
Buku terjemahan dari bahasa asing
Jansson, T 1948, Finn family Moomintroll, trans. E Portch, Puffin Books, London.
3. Dari Publikasi Konferensi
Makalah konferensi diterbitkan dalam buku prosiding
Goldfinch, M 2005, 'A pilot discussion board for questions about referencing: what do students say and do?' in G Grigg & C Bond (eds), Supporting learning in the 21st century, proceedings of the 2005 Annual International Conference of the Association of Tertiary Learning Advisors Aotearoa/New Zealand (ATLAANZ), Dunedin, New Zealand, pp. 179-191.
Makalah konferensi - prosiding online yang diedit
Crisp, G, Hillier, M & Joarder, S 2010, 'Assessing students in Second Life - some options', in CH Steel, MJ Keppell, P Gerbic, & S Housego (eds), Curriculum, technology & transformation for an unknown future. Proceedings of the 27th Annual ASCILITE Conference: Curriculum, technology and transformation for an unknown future, Sydney, pp. 256-261, viewed 15 July 2011, .
Presentasi konferensi - tidak dipublikasikan
Butler, D 2009, 'Using video worked examples to enhance learning in a first year mathematics course', paper presented at the 4th ERGA conference, University of Adelaide, 24-25 September.
Penulisan Daftar Pustaka APA Style
Dilansir dari situs APA Style, APA Style adalah sistem penulisan referensi atau daftar pustaka yang diterbitkan oleh American Psychological Association. Format jenis ini biasanya digunakan dalam penulisan ilmu-ilmu sosial, seperti psikologi, antropologi, sosiologi, serta pendidikan dan bidang lainnya.
APA Style telah mengalami beberapa kali pembaruan. Edisi terbaru yang diterbitkan adalah edisi ke tujuh. Berikut cara menulis daftar pustaka dengan format APA Style. Dilansir dari laman Perpustakaan UGM berikut cara menulis daftar pustaka APA Style:
1. Dari Bab Buku
Bab atau artikel dalam buku yang diedit
Yura, P. (2020). 'Good or bad': How people think of me is not important. In B. Rudy & H. Dion (Eds.), Mental health policy (pp. 368-389). University of Life Press.
Artikel dalam ensiklopedia
Ford-Martin, P. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral therapy. In E. Thackery & M. Harris (Eds.), Gale encyclopedia of mental disorders (Vol.1, pp. 226-228). Gale.
2. Dari Buku
Buku: Termasuk Nomor Halaman
Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in psychology. Guilford Press.
Buku: Penulis Tunggal
Matthews, J. (1999). The art of childhood and adolescence: The construction of meaning. Falmer Press.
Buku: Dua Penulis
Colclough, B., & Colclough, J. (1999). A challenge to change. Thorsons.
Buku: 3-20 Penulis
Dwee, D., Dion, H. B., & Brown, I. S. (2012). Information behaviour concept: A basic introduction. University of Life Press.
Buku: Lebih dari 20 Penulis
Cantumkan sembilan belas nama penulis pertama, kemudian sisipkan tiga elips dan ikuti dengan nama penulis terakhir.
Buku: Karya Berbeda oleh Penulis yang Sama di Tahun yang Sama
Kubler-Ross, E. (1993a). AIDS: The ultimate challenge. Collier Books.
Kubler-Ross, E. (1993b). Questions and answers on death and dying. Collier Books.
Buku: Organisasi sebagai Penulis
American Educational Research Association. (1985). Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Psychological Association.
3. Dari Tugas
Tugas dari Unit Lain
Amin, A. D. (2016). The science of life [Unpublished manuscript], SPSKB223: Research Method for Social Science, University of Life.
4. Dari Materi Audio Visual
DVD
Moore, M. (Writer/Director). (2003). Bowling for Columbine [DVD]. AV Channel.
Program Radio
Browning, D. (Presenter). (2006, June 9). Black soccer heroes. Message Stick [Radio programme]. Guest speaker Dr. John Maynard. ABC Radio.
Rekaman Suara
Javanese Voice (Performers), & Amin, Z. (Director). (1999). Music for simple life [Album]. Javanese Studies, University of Life.
Episode Serial Televisi
Masters, C. (Presenter). (2006, March 27). Big fish, little fish. Four Corners [Television series episode]. ABC Television.
Rekaman Video
Russell, G. (Writer, Producer and Narrator), & Wiseman, P. (Producer). (1995). Tackling bullies: An Australian perspective [Video recording]. Video Classroom.
YouTube/Vimeo Video
NRK. (2007, February 26). Medieval helpdesk with English subtitles. [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQHX-SjgQvQ
5. Dari Makalah Konferensi
Presentasi Makalah dari Internet
Balakrishnan, R. (2006, March 25-26). Why aren't we using 3d user interfaces, and will we ever? [Paper presentation]. IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, Alexandria, VA. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2006.148.
Presentasi Makalah yang Tidak Diterbitkan
Brown, S., & Caste, V. (2004, May). Integrated obstacle detection framework [Paper presentation]. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Detroit, MI..
Presentasi Makalah dalam Prosiding Cetak
Rowling, L. (1993, September). Schools and grief: How does Australia compare to the United States [Paper presentation]. In Wandarna coowar: Hidden grief. 8th National Conference of the National Association for Loss and Grief (Australia), Yeppoon, Queensland (pp. 196-201). National Association for Loss and Grief.
6. Dari Kumpulan Data
Himpunan Data
Ryff, C., Almeida, D., Ayanian, J., Binkley, N., Carr, D. S., Coe, C., Davidson, R., Grzywacz, J., Karlamangla, A., Krueger, R., Lachman, M., Love, G., Mailick, M., Mroczek, D., Radler, B., Seeman, T., Sloan, R., Thomas, D., Weinstein, M., Williams, D. (2019). Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 3), 2013-2014 (ICPSR 36346) [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36346.v7
Repositori Kumpulan Data
University of Life, Centre of Animals. (2011). Concept of animal behaviour. https://www.concept/NYTRW
Catatan Setoran Dataset
Theure, A., & Gentaz, E. (2018). Data from: The regulation of emotions in adolescents: age differences and emotion-specific patterns [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n230404. Referenced in https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195501
Dataset Description Article
Lemaignan, S., Edmunds, C.E.R., Senft, E., & Belpaeme, T. (2018). The PInSoRo dataset: Supporting the data-driven study of child-child and child-robot social dynamics. PLoS ONE, 13(10), Article e0205999+. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205999
7. Dari e-book
e-book
Eckes, T. (2000). The developmental social psychology of gender. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://lib.ugm.ac.id/443/record=b1600608
Bab dari e-book
Jones, N. A., & Gagnon, C. M. (2007). The neurophysiology of empathy. In T. F. D. Farrow & P. W. R. Woodruff (Eds.), Empathy in mental illness. Cambridge University Press. https://lib.ugm.ac.id:443/record=b2130403
Artikel dari Ensiklopedia Elektronik
Lai, M. C. C. (1999). Hepatitis delta virus. In A. Granoff & R. Webster (Eds.), Encyclopedia of virology (2nd ed.). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374410-4.00417-9
Artikel dari Karya Referensi Elektronik: Tidak ada penulis
Alka-Seltzer. (2019). InMIMS online.MIMS Australia. http://www.mimsonline.com.au
8. Dari Artikel Jurnal
Artikel Jurnal dengan DOI
Vogels, A. G. C., Crone, M. R., Hoekstra, F., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2009). Comparing three short questionnaires to detect psychosocial dysfunction among primary school children: a randomized method. BMC Public Health, 9, 489. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-489
Artikel Jurnal dengan DOI: Lebih Dari 20 Penulis dan Termasuk Nomor Halaman
Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. Journal of Improbable Mathematics, 27(1), 1935-1968. https://doi.org/10.0000/3mp7y-537
Artikel Jurnal dengan URL
Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1): 24-58. https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31
Artikel Jurnal dengan Nomor Artikel
March, E., & Springer, J. (2019). Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy. PLoS One, 14(12): Article e0225964. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225964
Artikel Jurnal dari URL dan Termasuk Nomor Paragraf
Munro, C. (1999). Facing grief. Synergy, 3(3). http://about.ugm.ac.id/synergy/0303/grie
Artikel Jurnal di Cetak
Kyratsis, A. (2014). Talk and interaction among children and the co-construction of peer groups and peer culture. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33(4), 231-247.
Artikel Jurnal dalam Cetakan Termasuk Nomor Halaman
Parker, G., & Roy, K. (2011). Adolescent depression: A review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 572-580.
Artikel Jurnal di Cetak dengan 3-20 Penulis
Zhang, B., Cohen, J., Ferrence, R., & Rehm, J. (2016). The impact of tobacco tax cuts on smoking initiation among Canadian young adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(6), 474-479.
9. Dari Dokumen Internet
Dokumen Elektronik
Murray, G. (2005). A duty of care to children and young people in Western Australia: Report on the quality assurance and review of unsubstantiated allegations of abuse in care: 1 April 2004 to 12 September 2005. Western Australia, Department of Child Protection. http://www.community.wa.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/851183A4-A822-4592-AB66-C410E453AEEC/0/DCDRPTGwennMurrayreportwithcover2006.pdf
Publikasi Pemerintah
Australia. Department of Health and Aged Care. (2000). National youth suicide prevention strategy. http://www.health.gov.au/hsdd/mentalhe/sp/nysps/about.htm
Publikasi Pemerintah: Dokumen Kurikulum
Western Australia. School Curriculum & Standards Authority. (2017). Curriculum and assessment outline: Humanities and Social Science. http://k10outline.scsa.wa.edu.au/home/p-10-curriculum/curriculum-browser/humanities-and-social-sciences
Seluruh Situs Internet
Goldberg, I. (2010). Dr. Ivan's depression central. http://www.psycom.net/depression.central.html
10. Dari Gambar
Gambar, Foto, atau Karya Seni dari Buku
Leibovitz, A. (1996). Olympic portraits. Little Brown.
Reproduksi dalam Buku
Bedford, P. (2001). Dingo dreaming [ochre on canvas]. Reproduced in McCulloch, S., & McCulloch Childs, E. (2008). McCulloch's contemporary Aboriginal art: The complete guide (p.154). McCulloch & McCulloch Australian Art Books.
Gambar dari Bab Buku
Ardagna, C. A., Damiani, E., Frati, F., & Madravio, M. (2008). Open-source solution to secure e-government services. In A-V. Anttiroiko & M. Malkia (Eds.), Encyclopedia of digital government (pp. 1300-1305). Idea Group Reference. http://www.igi-global.com/
Gambar dari Artikel Jurnal
Yeh, Q-J., & Xu, X. (2010). The effect of Confucian work ethics on learning about science and technology knowledge and morality. Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0352-1
Gambar dari Koran
Leunig, M. (1995, July 27). Thoughts of a baby lying in a child care centre. The Sydney Morning Herald, p. 24.
Gambar dari Database
Kessel, M. (Director). (1995). The making of a monologue: Robert Wilson's Hamlet [video,1:02:18 mins]. Cinema Guild.
Gambar/Karya Seni Online
Nolan, S. (1946). The encounter [enamel paint on composition board]. National Gallery of Australia. http://cs.nga.gov.au/Detail.cfm?IRN=28938
Peta Online
Google Maps. (2015, February 5). The British Library, London, UK. Google. https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/The+British+Library/@51.529972,-0.127676,17z
/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x48761b3b70171395:0x18905479de0fdb25
Gambar/Karya Seni Asli (Dilihat di Galeri atau Koleksi)
Adam, L. (2004). Sweet and sour [wood veneers, nylon]. Culture Home Art of University of Life.
11. Dari Artikel Berita
Artikel Koran di Cetak
Kissane, K. (1998, September 5). Kiss or kill: Who is the victim when a battered woman kills? The Age: Extra, p. 6.
Artikel Koran dengan URL
Devlin, H. (2010, January 28). Neuron breakthrough offers hope on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/medicine/article7005401.ece
Artikel Koran dari Factiva
Delalande, J. (2019, October 26). Our teens struggle the most. The West Australian, p. 32. Factiva. https://global-factiva-com.libproxy.ugm.ac.id/ha/default.aspx#./!?&_suid=1576141953014019681669927131606
12. Dari Podcast
Podcast
Brown, D. (Speaker). (2018). Scholarship strategies, 2018 University of Life Lecture [Audio podcast]. University of Life. https://listeningme./083729
Podcast dari Program Radio
Gary, S. (Host). (2007, December 23). Black hole death ray. StarStuff [Audio podcast]. ABC News Radio. http://abc.net.au/newsradio/podcast/STARSTUFF.xml
13. Dari Sumber Sekunder
Reid, A. S. (2020). Study of multiple paranormal phenomena. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 45, 17-26.
14. Dari Sosial Media
Postingan Blog
Flower, R. (2015, June 1). How a simple formula for resolving problems and conflict can change your reality. Pick The Brain. http://www.pickthebrain.com/blog/how-a-simple-formula-for-resolving-problems-and-conflict-can-change-your-reality/
Komentar Blog
Stephen. (2017, February 21). Re: Why you should let your passion die [Comment]. PsychCentral. https://psychcentral.com/blog/discuss/102347/
Postingan Facebook
University of Life Office. (2010, December 20). Psychology of learners [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/41764892
Komentar Facebook
Toto, H. (2011, September 1). Re: Psychology of learners [Comment]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/qu4qwyierqw
Tweet
Kruszelnicki, K. [@DoctorKarl]. (2017, February 19). Fact-checker scientist @bengoldacre, evidence-based medicine, dead cat #Shirtloadsofscience: http://apple.co/2kXmeCd: http://bit.ly/2faxmw5 [Tweet]. https://twitter.com/DoctorKarl? ref_src=twsrc^google| twcamp^serp|twgr^author
YouTube/Vimeo/Ted Talk video
Setrakian, L. (2017, January). Lara Setrakian: 3 ways to fix a broken news industry. [Video]. https://www.ted.com/talks/lara_setrakian_3_ways_to_fix_a_ broken_news_industry#t-521404
Komentar YouTube
Kirk, J. (2017, February). Re: Medieval helpdesk with English subtitles. [Comment]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQHX-SjgQvQ
Postingan Instagram
University of Life Library. (2019, May 22). An artwork showing history of animals {Photographs]. https://www.instagram.com/73q64723648913
Komentar Instagram
Black. (2011, May 23). Re: An artwork showing history of animals {Comment]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/3649238y
App
StudentVIP. (2017). Lost on Campus (Version 4.1.3) [Mobile app]. Apple App Store. https://www.apple.com/au/ios/app-store/
Game
Persson, M., &Bergensten, J. (2011).Minecraft [Game]. Mojang Synergies AB. https://minecraft.net/en-us/
14. Dari Tesis
Tesis tidak diterbitkan
Neo, M. C. (2000). The role of education as a process of human release from various problems of life [Unpublished M.Appl.Psy. thesis]. University of Life.
Tesis diterbitkan
May, B. (2017) A survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud. Canopus Publishing.
Tesis dari Database
Sonny, Z. (1999). Computer education for children (Publication No. 01230123) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Life]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Tesis dari Repository
Vells, T. (2015). Language for life [PhD thesis, University of Life]. UOL Library Repository. https://reporepo/9iqw4qwriq
Secara keseluruhan, cara menulis daftar pustaka baik Harvard Style maupun APA Style memiliki format yang hampir sama. Perbedaan mendasarnya terletak pada pemisah seperti tanda koma untuk Harvard dan tanda titik untuk APA.
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