Dalam belajar bahasa Inggris, memahami tenses adalah salah satu hal yang sangat penting. Berbagai tenses digunakan berdasarkan rumusnya masing-masing.
Salah satu tenses yang sering digunakan adalah Simple Past Tense. Ketahui kegunaan tenses ini beserta contoh kalimatnya dalam bentuk positif, negatif, dan interogatif.
Rumus Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi, menjadi kebiasaan, dan sudah selesai di masa lampau. Menurut Buku Ajar Inggris Umum oleh Shanty Halim, dkk, ada dua rumus dari simple past tense, yaitu verbal dan nominal. Berikut perbedaannya:
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Verbal
Kalimat verbal memiliki verb dalam struktur kalimatnya. Berikut rumusnya
- Positif: Subject+V2+Object/Complement
Contoh: She cried last night
- Negatif: Subject+Did+No+V1+Object/Complement
Contoh: She did not cry last night
- Interogatif: Did+Subject+V1+Object/Compliment?
Contoh: Did she cry last night?
Nominal/Non-verbal
Kebalikan dari kalimat verbal, kalimat nominal tidak memiliki action verb dalam strukturnya. Biasanya, kalimat nominal digunakan untuk menunjukkan keadaan.
- Positif: Subject+Was/were+Compliment
Contoh: He was tired yesterday
- Negatif: Subject+Was/were+Not+Compliment
Contoh: He was not tired yesterday
- Interogatif: Was/were+Subject+Complement
Contoh: Was he tired yesterday?
Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense
Untuk lebih memahami simple past tense, ketahui beberapa contoh kalimatnya. Mengutip buku Panduan Penggunaan Tenses dalam Berkomunikasi oleh Silvester Goridus Sukur, English Grammar Itu Gampang oleh Toni Yunanto, hingga buku Cara Mudah Mengalami Tenses oleh Surawan Martinus, berikut contohnya dalam kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif:
Positif
- Hamiz watched this movie last week (Hamiz menonton film ini minggu lalu)
- I slept well last night (Saya tidur nyenyak tadi malam)
- You stayed in Bali last year (Anda tinggal di Bali tahun lalu)
- He came here last night (Dia datang ke sini tadi malam)
- We lived in Jogja ten years ago (Kami tinggal di Jogja sepuluh tahun yang lalu)
- They played badminton in front of my house yesterday (Mereka bermain bulutangkis di depan rumahku kemarin)
- You watched TV last night (Kamu menonton TV tadi malam)
- We went to the park yesterday evening. (Kami pergi ke taman kemarin malam)
- Vika opened the door for the guests last morning. (Vika membukakan pintu untuk para tamu tadi pagi)
- Miss Holly worked as a guest lecturer at our college two days ago. (Nona Holly bekerja sebagai dosen tamu di kampus kami dua hari lalu)
- Sagara used to love reading fantasy novels when she was younger. (Sagara suka membaca novel fantasi saat dia masih muda)
- Fani worked as an academic counsellor last year.(Fani bekerja sebagai konselor akademik tahun lalu)
- We enjoyed playing Pictionary every time we met. (Kami menikmati bermain Pictionary setiap kali kami bertemu)
- My father dropped me at school every day till I entered high school. (Ayah saya mengantar saya ke sekolah setiap hari sampai saya masuk SMA)
- She walked to the store yesterday. (Dia berjalan ke toko kemarin)
- They played basketball after school. (Mereka bermain basket sepulang sekolah)
- He studied English for two hours last night. (Dia belajar bahasa Inggris selama dua jam tadi malam)
- Will and Emma were at the fair last night. (Will dan Emma berada di pameran tadi malam)
- Syakir was a student at Oxford University last year. (Syakir adalah seorang mahasiswa di Universitas Oxford tahun lalu)
- I was a student five years ago (Saya adalah seorang pelajar lima tahun yang lalu)
- She was in Bali two weeks ago. (Dia berada di Bali dua minggu lalu)
- We were at school yesterday. (Kami berada di sekolah kemarin)
- They were at home last night. (Mereka ada di rumah tadi malam)
- The company hired a new manager last month. (Perusahaan merekrut manajer baru bulan lalu.)
- They traveled to Abu Dhabi last month and had a great time. (Mereka melakukan perjalanan ke Abu Dhabi bulan lalu dan bersenang-senang.)
- My son studied abroud for two year. (Anak saya belajar di luar negeri selama setahun.)
- We borrowed the books from the teacher. (Kami meminjam buku dari guru.)
- The police arrested the thieves two days ago (Polisi menangkap pencurinya dua hari lalu)
- Our friends climbed the rock last time (Teman kita terakhir kali memanjat batu itu.)
- He repaired his motorcycle last week. (Dia memperbaiki sepeda motornya minggu lalu.)
- They attended the evening class. (Mereka menghadiri kelas malam)
- James listened to the wireless yesterday. (James mendengarkan nirkabel kemarin.)
- You waited for night bus here. (Anda menunggu bus malam di sini.)
- She closed the windows of the room. (Dia menutup jendela kamar.)
- Father opened the box an hour ago. (Ayah membuka kotak itu satu jam yang lalu.)
- We worked 12 hours three days ago. (Kami bekerja 12 jam tiga hari yang lalu.)
- She sat under the tree last night. (She sat under the tree last night)
- She came late to the school last morning. (Dia datang terlambat ke sekolah tadi pagi.)
- The plane flew to Turkey yesterday. (The plane flew to Turkey kemarin.)
- She wore a pink scarf last morning.(Dia mengenakan syal merah muda tadi pagi.)
- Fika wrote a letter last month (Fika menulis surat bulan lalu)
- Jane drove the car carefully (Jane mengemudikan mobilnya dengan hati-hati)
- He rang the bell three times (Dia membunyikan bel tiga kali)
- They were in good condition last week (Mereka dalam kondisi baik minggu lalu)
- I lived in Bekasi two years ago (Saya tinggal di Bekasi dua tahun lalu.)
Negatif
- Hamiz did not watch this movie last week. (Hamiz tidak menonton film ini minggu lalu.)
- I did not sleep last night. (Saya tidak tidur tadi malam)
- You did not stay in Bali last year. (Anda tidak tinggal di Bali tahun lalu.)
He did not come here last night - We did not live in Jogja ten years ago. (Kami tidak tinggal di Jogja sepuluh tahun yang lalu.)
- They did not play badminton in front of my house yesterday. (Mereka tidak bermain bulu tangkis di depan rumah saya kemarin)
- We did not see thee movie last night because it was sold out. (Kami tidak menonton filmnya tadi malam karena sudah terjual habis.)
- Tika did not know about yesterday's test. (Tika tidak tahu tentang ulangan kemarin.)
- I was not in Surabaya last month. (Saya tidak berada di Surabaya bulan lalu.)
- She did not go to the gym this morning. (Dia tidak pergi ke gym pagi ini.)
- They did not finish their homework last night. (Mereka tidak menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya tadi malam.)
- They were not at home last night. (Mereka tidak ada di rumah tadi malan.)
- She did not sing a song yesterday (Dia tidak menyanyikan satu lagu pun kemarin)
- Mr Fasya did not teach math (Pak Fasya tidak mengajar matematika)
- Fika did not write a letter last month (Fika tidak menulis surat bulan lalu)
- She did not wear a black scarf last morning (Dia tidak memakai syal hitam tadi pagi)
- She did no sit under the tree last night (Dia tidak duduk di bawah pohon tadi malam)
- Mikhayla did not talk to Shinta yesterday (Mikhayla tidak berbicara dengan Shinta kemarin)
- Father did not open the box last time (Ayah tidak membuka kotak itu terakhir kali)
- She did not close the windows of the room (Dia tidak menutup jendela kamar)
- The students did not read the novels yesterday (Siswa kemarin tidak membaca novel)
- My elder brother did not swim across the canal (Kakak laki-laki saya tidak berenang melintasi kanal)
- I did not send some messages two weeks go (Saya tidak mengirim beberapa pesan dua minggu lalu)
- Mr Iqbal did not write a story last week (Pak Iqbal tidak menulis cerita minggu lalu)
- He did not eat a lot of chocolate last night (Dia tidak makan banyak coklat tadi malam)
- The people did not cut the trees a week ago (Masyarakat tidak menebang pohon seminggu yang lalu)
- We did not borrow the book from the teacher (Kami tidak meminjam buku dari guru)
- I did not pay the bills already (Saya belum membayar tagihannya)
- The company did not hire a new manager last month (Perusahaan tidak merekrut manajer baru bulan lalu)
- They did not work 12 hours two days ago (Mereka tidak bekerja 12 jam dua hari yang lalu)
- He did not repair his motorcycle last week (Dia tidak memperbaiki sepeda motornya minggu lalu)
- James did not listen to the wireless yesterday (James tidak mendengarkan nirkabel kemarin)
- Our friends did not climb the rock last time (Teman kita tidak memanjat batu itu terakhir kali)
- She did not ring the bell three times (Dia tidak membunyikan bel tiga kali)
- They were not in good condition last week (Kondisi mereka tidak baik minggu lalu)
- She did not drink a lot of water last morning (Dia tidak minum banyak air tadi pagi)
- Sherly did not say good morning to her mother last time (Sherly tidak mengucapkan selamat pagi kepada ibunya terakhir kali)
- They did not attend the evening class (Mereka tidak menghadiri kelas malam)
- She did not come late to the school last morning (Dia tidak datang terlambat ke sekolah tadi pagi)
- James did not listen to the wireless yesterday (James tidak mendengarkan nirkabel kemarin)
- The police did not arrest the thieves two days ago (Polisi tidak menangkap pencuri dua hari lalu)
- They did not travel to Abu Dhabi last month (Mereka tidak melakukan perjalanan ke Abu Dhabi bulan lalu)
- You did not wait for night bus here (Anda tidak menunggu bus malam di sini)
Interogatif
- Did you watch this movie last week? (Apakah Anda menonton film ini minggu lalu?)
- Did you sleep last night? (Apakah kamu tidur tadi malam?)
- Did he play badminton yesterday? (Apakah dia bermain bulutangkis kemarin?)
- Did you finish the science and maths assignments? (Apakah kamu sudah menyelesaikan tugas sains dan matematika?)
- Did we live in Jogja ten years ago? (Apakah kita tinggal di Jogja sepuluh tahun yang lalu?)
- Didn't he complete the paper yet? (Apakah dia belum menyelesaikan makalahnya?)
- Were you a student last year? (Apakah Anda seorang pelajar tahun lalu?)
- Was it hot last night? (Apakah tadi malam panas?)
- Did yo send a letter yesterday? (Apakah kamu mengirim surat kemarin?)
- Did he come here last night? (Apakah dia datang ke sini tadi malam?)
- Did you eat breakfast this morning? (Apakah Anda sarapan pagi ini?)
- Did he finish his project on time? (Apakah dia menyelesaikan proyeknya tepat waktu?)
- Did you visit your grandparents last weekend? (Apakah kamu mengunjungi kakek dan nenekmu akhir pekan lalu?)
- Did yoy watch the football match yesterday? (Apakah kamu menonton pertandingan sepak bola kemarin?)
- Did she sing a song yesterday? (Apakah dia menyanyikan sebuah lagu kemarin?)
- Did Mr Fasya teach math? (Apakah Pak Fasya mengajar matematika?)
- Did Jane walk to supermarket yesterday? (Apakah Jane berjalan ke supermarket kemarin?)
- Did they win the basketball game last week? (Apakah mereka memenangkan pertandingan bola basket minggu lalu?)
- Did he read an interesting book last month? (Apakah dia membaca buku menarik bulan lalu?)
- Did she paint a beautiful picture yesterday? (Apakah dia melukis gambar yang indah kemarin?)
- Did they buy a new car last year? (Apakah mereka membeli mobil baru tahun lalu?)
- Did they attend the conference last week? (Apakah mereka menghadiri konferensi minggu lalu?)
- Did you finish reading the entire book? (Apakah kamu menyelesaikan membaca seluruh buku?)
- Did he buy a new phone last month? (Apakah dia membeli ponsel baru bulan lalu?)
- Did we go to the park on Saturday? (Apakah kita pergi ke taman hari Sabtu?)
- Did she pass the driving test on her second attempt? (Apakah dia lulus ujian berkendara pada percobaan kedua?)
- Did they invite us to the wedding ceremony? (Apakah mereka mengundang kita ke upacara pernikahan?)
- Did he receive the package you sent him? (Apakah dia menerima paket yang kamu kirim?)
- Did you enjoy the concert last night? (Apakah kamu menikmati konser semalam?)
- Did he travel to London last summer? (Apakah dia bepergian ke London musim panas lalu?)
- Did he play the guitar at the music festival? (Apakah dia memainkan gitar di festival musik?)
- Did we celebrate our anniversary at the beach resort? (Apakah kita merayakan ulang tahun pernikahan di resor pantai?)
- Did you fix the broken computer yourself? (Apakah kamu memperbaiki komputer yang rusak sendiri?)
- Did the sun shine brightly this morning? (Apakah matahari bersinar terang pagi ini?)
- Did you watch a great movie last weekend? (Apakah kamu menonton film bagus akhir pekan lalu?)
(row/row)