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Terdapat berbagai jenis teks dalam Bahasa Inggris, salah satunya adalah narrative text. Adapun narrative text ini menjadi salah satu materi atau bahan ajar dalam Bahasa Inggris yang merupakan teks cerita.
Narrative text merupakan suatu teks cerita yang bersifat secara imajinatif, tetapi tetap memiliki struktur yang runtut dari awal peristiwa hingga akhir, teks ini identik dengan cerita fiksi, dongeng, legenda, mitos, cerita rakyat.
Untuk informasi lengkapnya, berikut ini pengertian, jenis, struktur, hingga contoh narrative text dikutip dari English Education: English Journal for Teaching and Learning, UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Ad Dary Padangsidimpuan.
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Pengertian Narrative Text
Narrative text merupakan teks cerita yang menggambarkan suatu peristiwa secara runtut dari awal hingga akhir cerita dan memiliki struktur yang saling berhubungan dan menceritakan tentang hal yang menarik yang memiliki tujuan untuk menghibur pembacanya. Narrative text bersifat imajinatif dan nyata berdasarkan cerita masa lampau. Narrative text dibuat dengan bahasa yang mudah dipahami pembacanya.
Jenis Narrative Text
1. Fiksi
Cerita fiksi merupakan cerita khayalan atau karangan, yang ditulis bukan berdasarkan kejadian nyata.
2. Cerita rakyat
Cerita rakyat adalah cerita yang sudah ada sejak dulu dan merupakan cerita turun temurun.
3. Dongeng
Dongeng adalah cerita fiktif yang tidak benar-benar terjadi, sifatnya untuk hiburan.
4. Legenda
Legenda adalah cerita rakyat yang dianggap sebagai kisah nyata yang pernah terjadi dan merupakan asal usul terjadinya suatu peristiwa.
5. Novel
Novel adalah suatu karangan panjang yang menceritakan kehidupan seseorang.
6. Fabel
Fabel adalah cerita yang menjadikan binatang sebagai tokoh utama.
7. Humor
Humor adalah cerita lucu yang sifatnya menghibur dan tidak ada pesan tersendiri yang ingin disampaikan penulis kepada pembaca
8. Cerita misteri
Cerita yang belum jelas dan masih menjadi teka-teki, sehingga membuat pembacanya ingin tau kelanjutan cerita tersebut.
9. Cerita sejarah
Cerita sejarah menceritakan tentang kejadian di masa lampau yang memiliki nilai sejarah.
Struktur Narrative text
1. Orientasi
Orientasi merupakan bagian awal dalam narrative teks yang berisi pengenalan tokoh, latar belakang, suasana, latar tempat dan waktu.
2. Komplikasi
Komplikasi merupakan bagian permasalahan, konflik yang sedang terjadi dalam cerita tersebut, komplikasi berisi puncak permasalahan yang dialami tokoh.
3. Resolusi
Resolusi merupakan penyelesaian masalah yang sedang terjadi, bagaimana cara dan sikap tokoh dalam menyelesaikan masalah dan menemukan jalan keluarnya.
4. Coda / ending
Coda merupakan bagian narrative text yang menyajikan akhir dari cerita, ending cerita dapat berupa ending yang baik atau buruk.
Contoh Narrative Text
MalinKundang
A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and her son lived. They were MalinKundang and her mother. Her mother was a single parent because MalinKundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. MalinKundang had to live hard with his mother. MalinKundang was a healthy, diligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother or sold the caught fish in the town.
One day, when MalinKundang was sailing, he saw a merchant's ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and power, MalinKundang defeated the pirates. The merchant was so happy and thanked to him. In return, the merchant asked MalinKundang to sail with him. To get a better life, MalinKundang agreed. He left his mother alone.
Many years later, MalinKundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife too. When he was sailing on his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; "MalinKundang has become rich and now he is here".An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was MalinKundang's mother. She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, MalinKundang who was in front of his well-dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. Three times her mother begged MalinKundang and for three times he yelled at her. At last, MalinKundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that, he ordered his crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was full of both sadness and angriness.
Finally, enraged, she cursed MalinKundang that he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. MalinKundang just laughed and really set sail. In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for MalinKundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse. Suddenly, he turned into a stone.
Lake Toba
Once upon a time in Batakland lived a fisherman named Bhatara Guru Salaha. He caught a fish that could talk one day, that could turn into a beautiful woman whose anger could shake the earth and make the volcano erupt.
As a tough fisherman, he went fishing every morning. One day, he caught an unusual fish in his old fishing net. It was an unusual fish because it could talk like a human. What made him more surprised was that the fish asked him to set it free back to the river.
He could do nothing except to agree, and soon he set it free back to the river. As soon as he set the fish free back to the river, it changed into a beautiful woman. She was with long black hair and big round eyes. "She was really beautiful," Sahala thought. He finally fell in love with her and asked her to marry him. He promised to be faithful and would take care of her day and night. The woman agreed to marry him with one very important promise. She asked him not to let anyone know that she was once a fish. Sahala agreed and promised to do so, and would always hold up the deal.
They were happily married and got two beautiful smart daughters. As a fisherman to live his happy days, Sahala went fishing every morning with his daughters who used to bring him food and drink very much while fishing. Unfortunately, his two daughters really made he was very unhappy one day. He was very mad to them. They ate up the food and drink instead of serving them to his beloved father. As he was so upset and got very angry, his uncontrolled emotion blew up and came out dirty words from his mouth. He shouted, "You behaved exactly like the daughters of a fish!"
The two daughters didn‟t understand what their father had just talked about. They did ‟t understand why he said like that to them. They soon went home and told everything to their mother. Their mother was very annoyed and did ‟t feel too well about the situation. Sahala came home to explain everything and apologized to his wife. He realized everything about what he had just said to his daughters and begged her pardon. Unfortunately, it seemed his crying didn‟t work. His wife didn‟t care too much to his apology. She could not forgive Sahala.
Suddenly, another unusual thing occurred! She trembled severely, and everything around her was shaking. The earth began to shake and the volcano began to erupt. The earth began to crack down to form a large hole. The hole grew larger and larger and filled in it with much water. The large hole grew up to form a lake, and it was then called LAKE TOBA.
It is very famous as a place of interest for domestic and foreign visitors up to now. It has a lovely view and natural beauty. This legend is still well-known for the people of this country and is still held up as one of the most famous folk tales of the nation.
Artikel ini ditulis oleh Marcella Rika Nathasya Peserta program magang bersertifikat kampus merdeka di detikcom.
(rih/ams)
