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Potret Horor Pemakaman Yahudi Tertua di Jerman

Getty Images/Thomas Lohnes - detikEdu
Kamis, 09 Mar 2023 20:00 WIB

Jerman - Heiliger Sand merupakan pemakaman Yahudi tertua yang masih ada di Eropa. Pemakaman ini didirikan pada tahun 1034. Begini penampakannya.

WORMS, GERMANY - JANUARY 25: A view of Gravestones at the old Jewish cemetery 'Heiliger Sand', the oldest in-situ preserved Jewish cemetery in Europe, on January 25, 2023 in Worms, Germany. German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier is scheduled to present the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz their official UNESCO World Heritage certification in recognition of their importance as historic Jewish centers in a ceremony on February 1. The three cities, which in Hebrew had the names Spira, Warmaisa and Magenza and all lie along the Rhine River, were home to German Jewish communities as far back as the 10th and 11th centuries. The ShUM-Sites include unique, exemplary community centers, monuments and cemeteries. Shum an acronym made up of the first letters of the medieval Hebrew city names. They evolved into vital places of Jewish learning and had a profound impact on Ashkenazi Jewish tradition. Their history is also marked with oppression, from massacres by Christian crusaders in 1096, to a devastating pogrom in 1349 and finally persecution, and later annihilation, under the Nazis in the 1930s. Today small Jewish communities exist in all three cities, particularly as a result of Russian-Jewish immigration after 1989. UNESCO first named the cities to its World Heritage list in 2021. (Photo by Thomas Lohnes/Getty Images)

Pemandangan Batu Nisan di pemakaman Yahudi 'Heiliger Sand' di Worms, Jerman.  

WORMS, GERMANY - JANUARY 25: A view of Gravestones at the old Jewish cemetery 'Heiliger Sand', the oldest in-situ preserved Jewish cemetery in Europe, on January 25, 2023 in Worms, Germany. German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier is scheduled to present the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz their official UNESCO World Heritage certification in recognition of their importance as historic Jewish centers in a ceremony on February 1. The three cities, which in Hebrew had the names Spira, Warmaisa and Magenza and all lie along the Rhine River, were home to German Jewish communities as far back as the 10th and 11th centuries. The ShUM-Sites include unique, exemplary community centers, monuments and cemeteries. Shum an acronym made up of the first letters of the medieval Hebrew city names. They evolved into vital places of Jewish learning and had a profound impact on Ashkenazi Jewish tradition. Their history is also marked with oppression, from massacres by Christian crusaders in 1096, to a devastating pogrom in 1349 and finally persecution, and later annihilation, under the Nazis in the 1930s. Today small Jewish communities exist in all three cities, particularly as a result of Russian-Jewish immigration after 1989. UNESCO first named the cities to its World Heritage list in 2021. (Photo by Thomas Lohnes/Getty Images)

Heiliger Sand merupakan pemakaman Yahudi tertua yang masih ada di Eropa.  

WORMS, GERMANY - JANUARY 25: A view of Gravestones at the old Jewish cemetery 'Heiliger Sand', the oldest in-situ preserved Jewish cemetery in Europe, on January 25, 2023 in Worms, Germany. German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier is scheduled to present the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz their official UNESCO World Heritage certification in recognition of their importance as historic Jewish centers in a ceremony on February 1. The three cities, which in Hebrew had the names Spira, Warmaisa and Magenza and all lie along the Rhine River, were home to German Jewish communities as far back as the 10th and 11th centuries. The ShUM-Sites include unique, exemplary community centers, monuments and cemeteries. Shum an acronym made up of the first letters of the medieval Hebrew city names. They evolved into vital places of Jewish learning and had a profound impact on Ashkenazi Jewish tradition. Their history is also marked with oppression, from massacres by Christian crusaders in 1096, to a devastating pogrom in 1349 and finally persecution, and later annihilation, under the Nazis in the 1930s. Today small Jewish communities exist in all three cities, particularly as a result of Russian-Jewish immigration after 1989. UNESCO first named the cities to its World Heritage list in 2021. (Photo by Thomas Lohnes/Getty Images)

Pemakaman ini didirikan pada tahun 1034, tahun yang sama dengan tahun pendirian sinagog pertama di Worms.  

WORMS, GERMANY - JANUARY 25: A view of Gravestones at the old Jewish cemetery 'Heiliger Sand', the oldest in-situ preserved Jewish cemetery in Europe, on January 25, 2023 in Worms, Germany. German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier is scheduled to present the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz their official UNESCO World Heritage certification in recognition of their importance as historic Jewish centers in a ceremony on February 1. The three cities, which in Hebrew had the names Spira, Warmaisa and Magenza and all lie along the Rhine River, were home to German Jewish communities as far back as the 10th and 11th centuries. The ShUM-Sites include unique, exemplary community centers, monuments and cemeteries. Shum an acronym made up of the first letters of the medieval Hebrew city names. They evolved into vital places of Jewish learning and had a profound impact on Ashkenazi Jewish tradition. Their history is also marked with oppression, from massacres by Christian crusaders in 1096, to a devastating pogrom in 1349 and finally persecution, and later annihilation, under the Nazis in the 1930s. Today small Jewish communities exist in all three cities, particularly as a result of Russian-Jewish immigration after 1989. UNESCO first named the cities to its World Heritage list in 2021. (Photo by Thomas Lohnes/Getty Images)

Di pemakaman ini terdapat sekitar 2000 makam.  

WORMS, GERMANY - JANUARY 25: A view of Gravestones at the old Jewish cemetery 'Heiliger Sand', the oldest in-situ preserved Jewish cemetery in Europe, on January 25, 2023 in Worms, Germany. German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier is scheduled to present the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz their official UNESCO World Heritage certification in recognition of their importance as historic Jewish centers in a ceremony on February 1. The three cities, which in Hebrew had the names Spira, Warmaisa and Magenza and all lie along the Rhine River, were home to German Jewish communities as far back as the 10th and 11th centuries. The ShUM-Sites include unique, exemplary community centers, monuments and cemeteries. Shum an acronym made up of the first letters of the medieval Hebrew city names. They evolved into vital places of Jewish learning and had a profound impact on Ashkenazi Jewish tradition. Their history is also marked with oppression, from massacres by Christian crusaders in 1096, to a devastating pogrom in 1349 and finally persecution, and later annihilation, under the Nazis in the 1930s. Today small Jewish communities exist in all three cities, particularly as a result of Russian-Jewish immigration after 1989. UNESCO first named the cities to its World Heritage list in 2021. (Photo by Thomas Lohnes/Getty Images)

Komunitas Worms Yahudi didirikan pada awal abad ke-11, dan batu nisan tertua yang masih terbaca berasal dari tahun 1058/59.  

WORMS, GERMANY - JANUARY 25: A view of Gravestones at the old Jewish cemetery 'Heiliger Sand', the oldest in-situ preserved Jewish cemetery in Europe, on January 25, 2023 in Worms, Germany. German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier is scheduled to present the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz their official UNESCO World Heritage certification in recognition of their importance as historic Jewish centers in a ceremony on February 1. The three cities, which in Hebrew had the names Spira, Warmaisa and Magenza and all lie along the Rhine River, were home to German Jewish communities as far back as the 10th and 11th centuries. The ShUM-Sites include unique, exemplary community centers, monuments and cemeteries. Shum an acronym made up of the first letters of the medieval Hebrew city names. They evolved into vital places of Jewish learning and had a profound impact on Ashkenazi Jewish tradition. Their history is also marked with oppression, from massacres by Christian crusaders in 1096, to a devastating pogrom in 1349 and finally persecution, and later annihilation, under the Nazis in the 1930s. Today small Jewish communities exist in all three cities, particularly as a result of Russian-Jewish immigration after 1989. UNESCO first named the cities to its World Heritage list in 2021. (Photo by Thomas Lohnes/Getty Images)

Karena kepentingan pelestarian budaya, pemakaman Yahudi ini bersama dengan situs Yahudi abad pertengahan lainnya di kota Worms, Speyer, dan Mainz masuk dalam Daftar Warisan Dunia UNESCO pada tahun 2021.  

Potret Horor Pemakaman Yahudi Tertua di Jerman
Potret Horor Pemakaman Yahudi Tertua di Jerman
Potret Horor Pemakaman Yahudi Tertua di Jerman
Potret Horor Pemakaman Yahudi Tertua di Jerman
Potret Horor Pemakaman Yahudi Tertua di Jerman
Potret Horor Pemakaman Yahudi Tertua di Jerman
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