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Narrative text atau teks narasi sering merupakan salah satu materi dalam mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris. Namun, jenis teks ini juga sering kita jumpai meskipun di luar konteks akademis. Identik dengan cerita legenda, dongeng, mitos dan fiksi lainnya membuat narrative text lebih gampang diidentifikasi dibanding teks lainnya.
Nah, untuk menambah pengetahuan kalian terkait narrative text detikers dapat menyimak penjelasan di bawah ini yang mengutip dari buku Pintar dan Juara Bahasa Inggris SMA karya Elang Yudantoro dan Modul Pembelajaran SMA Bahasa Inggris yang disusun Dra Siti Zulfah, M Hum dari Kemdikbud.
Pengertian Narrative Text
Narrative text merupakan teks dalam bahasa Inggris yang menghubungkan rangkaian kejadian dan berisi tentang cerita fiksi maupun nonfiksi. Biasanya teks ini akan menceritakan kejadian di masa lampau ataupun cerita khayalan.
SCROLL TO CONTINUE WITH CONTENT
Bahasa yang digunakan dalam teks ini biasanya merupakan bahasa yang imajinatif dan dapat mengekspresikan emosi dari penulisnya. Narrative text memiliki tujuan untuk menghibur dan menarik minat pembacanya.
Struktur Narrative Text
Salah satu upaya untuk melakukan identifikasi terhadap narrative text adalah melihat strukturnya. Berikut merupakan struktur narrative text:
Orientation
Pada bagian ini biasanya akan melakukan setting terhadap awal cerita serta akan memperkenalkan tokoh dan karakter yang ada di dalam cerita. Unsur yang terdapat dalam bagian ini biasanya berupa who, when, what dan where.
Complication
Bagian ini mulai menjelaskan permasalahan yang terdapat dalam cerita. Biasanya permasalahan yang timbul akan diikuti dengan permasalahan lainnya hingga mencapai puncak cerita.
Complication biasanya menjelaskan terkait situasi, kegiatan atau kejadian yang kemudian dapat menimbulkan masalah. Kumpulan masalah tersebut akan membuat klimaks dalam cerita. Bagian ini biasanya ditandai dengan krisis yang dialami karakter utamanya.
Resolution
Pada bagian ini biasanya mulai menunjukkan penyelesaian dari konflik yang terjadi pada cerita. Namun, penyelesaian konflik bisa mengarahkan kepada kondisi yang lebih baik maupun lebih buruk.
Reorientation
Bagian ini biasanya bersifat opsional. Artinya, tidak semua narrative text memiliki bagian ini. Reorientation biasanya menunjukan akhir dari cerita dan bisa memiliki akhir yang bahagia maupun akhir yang sedih.
Ciri-Ciri Narrative Text
Berikut merupakan ciri umum dari narrative text:
- Narrative text biasanya digunakan untuk menghibur pendengar atau pembacanya melalui cerita yang ditawarkan, memberi pelajaran atau informasi atau mengubah opini sosial.
- Struktur penulisan
- Ciri khas dari narrative text biasanya terlihat melalui struktur penulisannya yang terdiri dari orientation, complication, resolution dan reorientation.
Ciri kebahasaan
Narrative text biasanya memiliki ciri kebahasaan sebagai berikut:
- Menggunakan past tense: We ate pizza; Sleeping Beauty slept for hours
- Menggunakan time connectives dan conjunctions yang dimanfaatkan untuk mengurutkan kejadian: then, before that, soon, however, although, later.
- Menggunakan adverbs dan adverbial phrases untuk menunjukan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa: once upon a time, long time ago
- Terdapat action verbs dalam past tense: stood, explained, smashed
- Terdapat saying verbs yang menandai ucapan: said, told, promised,
- Terdapat thinking verbs yang menandai pikiran, persepsi, perasaan: thought, understood, felt dsb.
- Terdapat adjective yang membentuk noun phrase, misalnya: long blonde hair, three red hats, dsb.
- Terdapat nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan, benda misalnya: stepsisters, housework, dsb.
Contoh Narrative Text
Talaga Warna
Long ago there was a kingdom in West Java. The kingdom was ruled by a king called Prabu. Prabu was a kind and wise king, and there was no hunger in his kingdom. But Prabu and his queen didn't have any children. It made them very, very sad.
Then one day Prabu went into the jungle. There he prayed to his God for a child. A few months later, the queen was expecting a baby, and all the people in the kingdom were happy. Prabu and the queen loved their little daughter and gave her everything. This made the princess a very spoiled girl. If she didn't get what she wanted, she became very angry. But even though the princess behaved badly, her parents loved her, and so did the people in the kingdom.
Day by day, the princess grew more beautiful. When she was 17, her parents invited all the people in the kingdom to a party. Prabu took their gifts of gold and bright jewels and had a beautiful necklace made for his daughter.
On the day of the birthday, people gathered in the palace field. When Prabu and the queen appeared, people welcomed them happily. The cheers were even louder when the beautiful princess appeared. Prabu took the necklace.
"My beloved daughter," he said, "today I give this necklace to you. It is a gift from the people of this country because they love you so much.
The princess looked at the necklace. "I don't want it! It's ugly!" she shouted, and she threw the necklace on the ground, where it broke into pieces.
Everyone was shocked. Nobody spoke.They never thought that their beloved princess would do that terrible thing.
In their silence people heard the queen crying. Everyone was sad and began crying, too. A pool of water formed on the ground. Soon the pool became a big lake. The lake sank all of the kingdom.
Today, people called the lake Talaga Warna. It means 'Lake of Colours'. It is located in Puncak, West Java. On a bright day, the lake is full of amazing colours, which in fact come from the reflection of the trees and flowers around it. But some people believe that the colours are from the princess's necklace, which still lies in pieces at the bottom of the lake.
The Legend of Putri Hijau
In days of yore, when Shah Mukhayat Sultan of Aceh was resting in the palace, suddenly he saw a green light from the East. The Sultan immediately called his vizier and asked what the light was.
The vizier was also shocked and could not answer the Sultan's question. Only the next morning a Sultan's confidant was sent to investigate the light. The results of the investigation were said that the light came from the body of the Green Princess in the Old Deli.
It was said that the princess was the daughter of the Deli Kingdom - Sultan Sulaiman. When he died, he left three children. The eldest was named Mambang Jazid, the second was Putri Hijau (The Green Princess), and the last one was Mambang Khayali. The sons and daughter of Sultan Sulaiman were considered by his people as the incarnation of the Gods. They were adored as magical people. The Green Princess herself was a beautiful woman. She was called the Green Princess because her body always emitted a green light, especially if she was playing in the park during the full moon.
Having heard the story, Sultan Mukhayat Syah then fell in love, even though the Sultan had never seen the princess' face before. Having feeling infatuated to the Princess, he, accompanied by his bodyguards, left for Deli to propose the daughter of the Old Deli Kingdom.
Upon arrival in Labuhan, the Sultan immediately sent a courier. Jazid had passionate spirits, and told her about the Sultan's wish to marry the graceful Putri Hijau. However, Putri Hijau rejected Sultan Mukhayat Syah's proposal. Of course the refusal made Sultan very angry and felt humiliated. Feeling disappointed, he challenged a war. The war ensued and many of his soldiers were killed in the battle.
Finally, the Prime Minister of Aceh discovered a trick, which was thought to be able to defeat the Deli Tua soldiers. The ruse took the form of shooting ringgit money at the enemy camps, in the form of clumps of thorny bamboo that were tightly surrounding the town of Deli Tua. Seeing the ringgit money, the people of Deli Tua, without thinking anymore, immediately cut and cut down the thorny bamboo clumps. As a result, the defense of the city of Deli Tua was destroyed. It was difficult for them to withstand the attack of Sultan Mukhayat Syah's army.
To withstand further attacks, Mambang Khayali transformed himself into a cannon that could shoot at the enemy. However, while the battle was raging fiercely, he felt very thirsty. He asked the Green Princess for a drink, but his request was denied. According to the Green Princess, it could be dangerous. As a result, his joints felt weak, while he continued to spit out his cannon. Suddenly his body broke in two. The head cannon was bouncing up to Aceh, while the rear remained at the Deli.
Mambang Jazid had the feeling that they would lose the war. He said to Putri Hijau "If you are to be taken prisoner by the Sultan of Aceh, sooner, ask the Sultan to place you in a glass coffin, and Sultan cannot touch you before arriving in Aceh. On arrival in Aceh, you beg the Sultan to order his people to bring offerings each of a chicken egg and a handful of rice (white rice). All these offerings must be piled on the shore. After the ceremony is over, the lump must be thrown into the sea." He continued saying "At that time you get out of the glass coffin, burn the incense while calling out my name Mambang Jazid." After leaving that last message, Mambang Jazid disappeared magically.
What Mambang Jazid predicted came true, Putri Hijau was under arrest then taken as prisoner to the Kingdom of Aceh. Before departing to Aceh, she immediately proposed the conditions as ordered by Mambang Jazid. Sultan Mukhayat Syah granted it. In Aceh the king's ship docked in front of Tanjung Jambu Air. The Sultan ordered his people to hold an offering ceremony as begged by Putri Hijau. All the people fulfilled what she asked.
After the ceremony, Putri Hijau was seen coming out of her glass coffin. In a puff of incense smoke, Putri Hijau mentioned her brother's name. All of sudden there was a gale and heavy rain accompanied by lightning, and the waves were very high and strong. The world was almost doomed. Suddenly came a giant dragon of the waves and the boat went straight to the Sultan. He hit the ship with its tail until the ship split into two and sank immediately. Sultan Mukhayat Syah was safe.
In the chaotic situation, the Green Princess immediately returned to her glass coffin so that when the waves hit the ship, she could float on the sea. The Dragon immediately slid closer to the coffin and lifted the coffin with his head and carried her to the Straits of Malacca.
The movement was so fast that the Sultan could not do anything. He could only dream, miss, and remember the Green Princess who was already his, but then, disappeared forever.
The Legend of Batu Gantung
A long time ago in a small village on the shores of Lake Toba there lived a married couple with a daughter, Seruni. She was sad because her father set her up with a young man who was her own cousin. She had a love affair with a young man in her village. Desperate because she didn't know what to do, she wanted to end her life by jumping into Lake Toba with a pet dog, Toki.
When she walked toward the cliffs on the shores of Lake Toba, she suddenly fell into a hole large stone to get into the base. She was so desperate not to ask for help to anyone. She preferred to die in the hole, she told herself. Suddenly the walls of the hole begins to close. "Docked ...! Docked stone..!" Cried Seruni, so that the stone wall is getting closer and choke her
Toki saw the incident immediately ran to the house to ask for help. At home, Toki immediately approached Seruni's parents with barking, pawing the ground and pacing around his master, Toki tried to tell that Seruni was in danger. Aware of what is implied by the dog, Seruni's Parents immediately headed for the field. Both ran to follow Toki and followed the group of villagers up to the edge of the hole where their daughters fall. Residents just heard the faint sound of a hole "Docked, docked stone ...." However, no one could reach that fell into the hole until the shock was catastrophic and making a hole slowly docked and closed by itself. Seruni inside the hole was eventually trapped and could not be saved.
Some time after the shaking stopped, at the top of the hole was closed and it appeared a large stone that resembled a girl's body that seemed to hang on the walls of the cliff on the shores of Lake Toba. People who saw the incident believe that the stone is an incarnation of Seruni and later renamed it as "Batu Gantung", Hanging Stone in English.
Nah mau membuat contoh narrative text versimu sendiri detikers? Selamat belajar!
(nwk/nwk)
